Ukuchaza impumelelo kungaba yindawo enjalo yezimayini. Lokho umuntu akubheka njengempumelelo kungahluka kakhulu komunye. Ngakho-ke yiziphi izindlela esizisebenzisayo ukuchaza impumelelo?
Isigaba Sabaphathi bakaMaslow ngumbono osetshenziswe amashumi amaningi eminyaka ukuchaza noma ukuchaza ukugqugquzela kwabantu nentuthuko. Kepha ngabe kusasebenza ku-2020?
Uyini Umbhalo Wabaphathi BakwaMaslow Wezidingo
Noma i-Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory iyimodeli eyasungulwa ngawo-1940, isabhekwa njengethuluzi elifanele lokuqonda isisusa sabantu kanye ukuzithuthukisa.
U-Andrew Maslow wayengumMelika isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo somuntu. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ze-Humanistic zikholelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu unesifiso esinamandla sokubona amandla akhe aphelele noma ukufinyelela ezingeni "lokuzenzela ngokwakho".
Ngokwe-Hierarchy of Needs kaMaslow, lapho umuntu ekhuphuka emazingeni okuphatha esegcwalise izidingo kubaphathi, bangagcina bezifezile.
Yiziphi Izinga Ezahlukene Ngokusho Kokulandelana Kwezidingo zikaMaslow?
Sonke sikhuthazwa izidingo. Abaphathi bakaMaslow's Needs bachaza ukuthi lezi zidingo zisikhuthaza kanjani.
Ngokusho kukaMaslow, abantu banezidingo ezinhlanu ezifika ngokulandelana okuthile. Njengoba kuhlangatshezwana nezinga ngalinye lezidingo futhi kwanelisiwe, isifiso sokufeza isethi esilandelayo siyangena.
La mazinga ahlukene ahlanganisa ukuthi sithinteka kanjani izidingo zethu eziyisisekelo, ezengqondo nezokuzifeza.
Izidingo zethu eziyisisekelo sizalwa nazo noma sizuze njengefa futhi ziye zavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho lezi zidingo ezisezingeni eliphansi sezitholakele, abantu bangadlulela ezingeni elilandelayo lezidingo, okungokuphepha nokuvikeleka.
Kodwa-ke uma izidingo eziyisisekelo noma eziphansi zisusiwe (ngokwesibonelo ukudla nendawo yokuhlala), lapho-ke asizikhathazi kangako ngezidingo eziphakeme.
Amazinga ahlukene ama-5 yilawa:
- Izidingo Zomzimba
- Izidingo Zokuphepha Nokuphepha
- Izidingo Zomphakathi
- Linganisa Izidingo
- Izidingo Zokuzenzela
Izidingo Zomzimba
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zomzimba zicacile. Cabanga nje umkhumbi waphuka esiqhingini esiwugwadule futhi izinto ezibalulekile yilezo ezidingekayo ukuze siphile.
Izibonelo zezidingo zomzimba zifaka:
- Ukudla
- Water
- Shelter
- Clothing
Ubulili bufakwa kuleli zinga lokulandelana kwezidingo ngoba kubalulekile ekusindeni nasekukhiqizweni kohlobo.
Izidingo Zokuphepha Nokuphepha
Ukuqhubeka nomfanekiso wethu wokusinda - sanelise izidingo zethu eziyisisekelo, abantu bafuna ukulawula nokuhleleka ezimpilweni zabo.
Yilapho izidingo zokuphepha nokuphepha zithatha khona.
Izibonelo zezidingo zokuphepha nokuphepha zifaka:
- Ukuphepha komuntu siqu
- Ukuphepha kwezezimali
- Ukuphepha ngokomzwelo
- Heath nokuphila kahle
- Ukuphepha ezingozini nasekulimaleni
Izidingo Zethu Zomzimba Zikhombisa Kanjani Ukuthi Izinduna ZikaMaslow Zisasebenza
Umhlaba usushintshe kakhulu selokhu uMaslow athuthukise uHerarchy yakhe yezidingo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwezinguquko emphakathini, into eyodwa ebalulekile engakashintshi izidingo zethu eziyisisekelo zomzimba.
Amazwe amaningi emhlabeni wonke abone intengo yempahla irokhethi eminyakeni engama-40 noma engama-50 edlule. Ngenxa yalokho abantu abadala abasha bahlala emakhaya abazali babo noma abanakekeli babo ngoba abakwazi ukuphuma baphile ngokuzimela.
Lokhu empeleni kubenze bathembela kakhulu kubazali babo kunokuba bakwazi ukuqala uhambo lwabo lokukhuthaza nokuthuthuka komuntu siqu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abasha abaningi (benganakile) bazithola bevaleleke phakathi kwesigaba sesibili (ezokuphepha) nesigaba sesithathu (sezenhlalo).
Enye yezinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngokombono kaMaslow, ukuthi umuntu akhululeke kangakanani kusuka ezingeni eliphansi udinga ukugqugquzelwa, lapho lowo muntu esondela kakhulu empilweni ephelele yengqondo nokuzenzela yena uqobo.
Izidingo Zomphakathi
Isinyathelo sesithathu ku-Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs yizidingo zomphakathi. Kuleli zinga, isidingo sobudlelwano obungokomzwelo siqhuba isimilo somuntu. Lezi zidingo zenhlalo zifaka izinto ezinjengothando, ukwamukelwa, nokuba yilungu.
Ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu nabangane, umndeni, nabathandi badlala indima ebaluleke kangaka ezimpilweni zethu. Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bazizwe bethandwa futhi bemukelwa ngabanye abantu ukuze bagweme izinkinga ezinjengokukhathazeka, isizungu nokudangala.
Ezinye zezinto ezanelisa lesi sidingo zifaka:
- ubungane
- Ukusondelana / okunamathiselwe kwezothando
- Family
- Amaqembu omphakathi
- Amaqembu omphakathi
- Amasonto nezinhlangano zezenkolo
Linganisa Izidingo
Izinga lesine ekuphathweni kukaMaslow yisidingo sokwazisa nokuhlonipha.
Lapho nje amazinga aphansi amathathu enelisiwe, izidingo zethu zokuhlonishwa ziqala ukuthatha indima ebonakalayo ekukhuthazeni isimilo.
Abantu banesidingo sokufeza izinto bese kuthi imizamo yabo ibonwe, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola inhlonipho nokwazisa kwabanye.
Ngaphezu kwesidingo semizwa yokufeza okuthile kanye nodumo, izidingo zokuhlonipha zifaka phakathi izinto ezinjenge ukuzethemba nokubaluleka komuntu siqu.
Abantu badinga ukubona ukuthi bayaziswa abanye futhi bazizwe sengathi banikela - lokhu kungaba semndenini wabo, eqenjini labangane, emphakathini noma emhlabeni.
Ngakho-ke ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yobungcweti, ukuthola impumelelo yezemfundo, ukuzibandakanya kwezemidlalo noma kweqembu kanye nokuzilibazisa komuntu siqu konke kungadlala indima ekugcwaliseni lezi zidingo zokubaluleka.
Labo bantu abanganelisa izidingo zabo zokuhlonishwa ngu ukuthola ukuzethemba okuhle nokwaziwa kwabanye, bathambekele ekuzethembeni emakhonweni abo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, labo abangazethembi futhi abahlonishwa abanye bangase babe nemizwa yokuzenyeza.
Izidingo Zokuzenzela
Njengoba izidingo ezingeni eliphansi lomuntu ngamunye ziyaneliseka, azibaluleki kangako ekukhuthazeni isimilo, ngakho-ke bayakwazi ukufuna ukwaneliseka kwezidingo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.
Ukuzenzela ngokwakho esigabeni sabaphathi bakwaMaslow sezidingo, yizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthuthuka kwengqondo lapho "ukwenziwa" kokusebenza okuphelele komuntu kutholakala.
“Kungachazwa ngokukhululeka njengokusebenzisa ngokugcwele nokuxhashazwa kwamathalente, amakhono, amakhono, njll. Abantu abanjalo babonakala bezigcwalisa futhi benza konke okusemandleni abakwaziyo ukukwenza. Bangabantu abakhule noma abathuthukela ebunzimeni obuphelele abakwaziyo ukukwenza. ”
Kepha ngoba sonke sibambe amanani ahlukile, izifiso namakhono, ukuzenzela ngokwakho kuzozibonakalisa ngokuhlukile kubantu abahlukile.
Futhi, ngenxa yobunzima bokufeza izidingo ezine eziphansi, uMaslow wakholwa ukuthi bambalwa kakhulu abantu abaphumelele ukuzenzela izinto ngempumelelo.
Kepha isisho esithi, "Umuntu angaba yini, kumele abe yikho." ifingqa ukubaluleka kokulwela ukuzenzela ngokwakho.
Ngakho-ke ekuphetheni, uHerarchy of Needs kaMaslow usasebenza nanamuhla futhi futhi ingasetshenziswa ebhizinisini lakho nomsebenzi.
